A Johns Hopkins breast surgeon has developed an important new way to find
breast cancers that would otherwise go undetected by existing techniques. The
procedure also improves women's chances for breast-conserving surgery.
The technique uses a novel endoscope that allows surgeons to visualize breast
tissue magnified up to 60 times normal size. Physicians are able to pinpoint
small lesions currently undetectable by mammography and magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI). The procedure has been tested on 55 patients with a 75
percent success rate.
"Endoscopic breast procedures have been tried in the past but were
unsuccessful because they are technically difficult to perform and because
the scopes used were too large," says William Dooley, M.D., director of the
Johns Hopkins Breast Center and the physician who developed the technique.
"The endoscope we developed is less than 1 millimeter in diameter, about the
size of the lead in a mechanical pencil," he says. Dooley inserts the
endoscope through the nipple into the ducts that line the breast. He then
injects saline solution to open the ducts, and through the tiny scope is able
to examine the breast tissue, identifying breast lesions up to 1/100 of the
size of those seen with mammography and MRI. Researchers caution, however,
that this technique is best used in conjunction with standard diagnostic
tests. It is useful right now for women with nipple discharge or tumors
cells in their breast fluid and whose cancers were undetected by mammography
and MRI.
Another benefit of using the endoscope is that it helps limit the extent of
surgery for women newly diagnosed with the disease. "Because we can see the
tumor so clearly through the endoscope, we can easily find the margins of the
tumor and thus are able to conserve more breast tissue. Patients that in the
past would have received mastectomies, which involves removing the entire
breast and lymph nodes under the arm, are now candidates for lumpectomy,"
says Dooley.
Clinical trials of the endoscopic technique are now being expanded to include
detection of precancerous breast lesions. Women interested in finding out
about the study may call 410-955-2615.
More than 180,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer annually in the
United States. When detected early, it is almost always curable. However,
when the disease spreads beyond the breast to surrounding lymph nodes and
organs, survival rates decline. Approximately 45,000 women die each year from
the disease.
October is National Breast Cancer Awareness Month. |